Process of Rationality and reason
Period in 18th century
Science and philosophical thinking made leaps and bounds
Secularisation
Research as applied to the sciences is what people really mean
logical reasoned approach
Scientism
the prevailing of understanding the scientific above all else
Until late 20th contrary art and design wasn't degree worthy
Art and design is seen as not scientific research by some universities
To be granted a BA degree you have to evidence that you are researching in ways of academia recognises research
1959
C.P.Snow
Famous scientist
Two cultures book
he says the art and sciences are two different things
Positivism
ideas of research should always lead to positive knowable outcomes
Facts
Separation of fact from value
Objectivity
Measurement rather than arguing
The facts speak for themselves
Causation
Control of variables
Approaches to research:
empiricism
quantitative
-leads to number
qualitative
-verbal interaction
subjectivism
-opinions
Action Research
Methodology
Approach to working
proceeding about something in a systematic or logical manner
Some methodologies
historical
sociological
semiotic
communication
theory
postcolonial
pyschoanalysis
postmodernist
discourse analysis
marxism
feminism
queer theory
gender studies
.........
Epistemology
ways of thinking about and selecting different ways of approaching a subject
The Hermeneutic Circle
Developed by Heidegger
Process designed to clarify an experience and assign meaning to it
This is aided by the hermeneutic circle which involves looking at different perspectives on events and relating individual components
Ricoeur; the conflict of interpretation
Three overlapping levels of interpretation
-behind the text
-in.through the text
-in front of the text
who are you working for
professional context
specific organisation
tone of voice
challenge existing knowledge?
Research is a constant dynamic process
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